Ampulla

Ampoule_Thècle_01.JPG

Ampulla refers to a small, flask-like dilatation in various anatomical structures. The term is derived from the Latin word for a small bottle or flask. Ampullae are found in several parts of the body and serve different functions depending on their location.

Types of Ampullae

Ampulla of Vater

The Ampulla of Vater, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla, is located at the junction where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct meet and empty into the duodenum. This ampulla plays a crucial role in the digestive system by regulating the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine.

Ampulla of Lorenzini

The Ampulla of Lorenzini is a special sensory organ found in cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays. These ampullae are sensitive to electric fields and help the fish detect prey and navigate their environment.

Ampulla of the Uterine Tube

The ampulla of the uterine tube is the widest section of the fallopian tube and is typically the site where fertilization occurs. It is located between the isthmus and the infundibulum of the fallopian tube.

Ampulla of the Rectum

The ampulla of the rectum is the dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal. It serves as a temporary storage site for feces before they are expelled from the body.

Ampulla of the Semicircular Canals

The ampulla of the semicircular canals are located in the inner ear and are involved in the sense of balance. Each of the three semicircular canals has an ampulla that contains sensory hair cells which detect rotational movements of the head.

Function

The function of an ampulla varies depending on its location in the body. Generally, ampullae serve as reservoirs or dilated sections that facilitate the passage or storage of fluids, or as sensory organs that detect specific stimuli.

Clinical Significance

Ampullae can be involved in various medical conditions. For example, blockages or infections in the Ampulla of Vater can lead to pancreatitis or jaundice. Abnormalities in the ampulla of the uterine tube can affect fertility and lead to ectopic pregnancy.

See Also

• Common bile duct
• Pancreatic duct
• Fallopian tube
• Rectum
• Inner ear

References

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