Infectious encephalitis

Infectious Encephalitis

Infectious encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by an infection. It is a serious and life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. The infection can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Causes

The most common cause of infectious encephalitis is viral infection. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and enteroviruses are often responsible. Less commonly, encephalitis can be caused by bacterial infections, such as Lyme disease, or by fungal or parasitic infections.

Symptoms

Symptoms of infectious encephalitis can vary widely, but often include fever, headache, vomiting, and confusion. In severe cases, symptoms may include seizures, hallucinations, memory problems, and changes in personality or behavior.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of infectious encephalitis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. These tests may include blood tests, lumbar puncture (also known as a spinal tap), and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for infectious encephalitis depends on the underlying cause. For viral encephalitis, antiviral medication may be used. Bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections may require antibiotics, antifungal medication, or antiparasitic medication, respectively. In all cases, supportive care to manage symptoms is also important.

Prevention

Prevention of infectious encephalitis involves reducing exposure to the pathogens that cause it. This can include vaccination against certain viruses, using insect repellent to prevent bites from infected mosquitoes or ticks, and practicing good hygiene to reduce the risk of bacterial or fungal infection.

See also

• Meningitis
• Brain abscess
• Neurological disorder