Dictionary of endocrinology

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The Dictionary of Endocrinology is a comprehensive resource that encompasses a broad range of terms and concepts related to the field of endocrinology. It is intended to serve as a reference for endocrinologists, medical students, researchers, and healthcare professionals interested in the study and treatment of hormonal and metabolic disorders.

A[edit | edit source]

  • adrenal glands - Small, triangular glands located on top of both kidneys that produce hormones such as cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone.
  • androgens - Steroid hormones, such as testosterone, that control the development and maintenance of male characteristics.
  • acromegaly - A hormonal disorder that develops when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood.

B[edit | edit source]

  • basal metabolic rate - The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain vital functions such as breathing and keeping warm.
  • bioactive peptides - Short chains of amino acids that can influence the function of the endocrine system and have potential therapeutic roles.

C[edit | edit source]

  • calcitonin - A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood.
  • cushing's syndrome - A condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.

D[edit | edit source]

  • diabetes insipidus - A rare disorder that causes an imbalance of water in the body and results in intense thirst and heavy urination.
  • diabetes mellitus - A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).

E[edit | edit source]

  • endocrine disruptors - Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems at certain doses.
  • endocrinology - The branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine glands.
  • estrogens - A group of hormones that play an essential role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics and the reproductive process.

F[edit | edit source]

G[edit | edit source]

  • glucagon - A hormone formed in the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
  • glucocorticoids - A class of corticosteroids that play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats, and have anti-inflammatory properties.

H[edit | edit source]

  • hirsutism - Excessive hair growth in certain areas of the body, typically where men tend to grow hair but women usually do not.
  • hyperthyroidism - Overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in a rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism.

I[edit | edit source]

  • insulin - A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
  • insulin resistance - A condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly.

J[edit | edit source]

K[edit | edit source]

  • ketoacidosis - A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones).

L[edit | edit source]

  • leptin - A hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and enterocytes in the small intestine that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.
  • luteinizing hormone (lh) - A hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.

M[edit | edit source]

  • melatonin - A hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
  • metabolic syndrome - A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

N[edit | edit source]

  • neuroendocrinology - The study of the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

O[edit | edit source]

  • obesity - A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat.
  • ovaries - The female reproductive organs in which ova or eggs are produced.

P[edit | edit source]

  • pancreas - A glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system.
  • parathyroid glands - Small endocrine glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone.

Q[edit | edit source]

R[edit | edit source]

  • reproductive endocrinology - A sub-specialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility.
  • rheumatoid arthritis - Although primarily a joint disease, it has systemic effects, including its endocrine aspect since hormones affect inflammation.

S[edit | edit source]

T[edit | edit source]

  • testosterone - The primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
  • thyroid gland - A gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.
  • thyroidectomy - A surgical procedure to remove all or part of the thyroid gland.

U[edit | edit source]

V[edit | edit source]

  • vasopressin - Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it regulates the body's retention of water.

W[edit | edit source]

  • weight management - Techniques and physiological processes that contribute to a person's ability to attain and maintain a certain weight.

X[edit | edit source]

Y[edit | edit source]

Z[edit | edit source]

  • zona glomerulosa - The outermost layer of the adrenal cortex that secretes mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone.

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD