Fiducial marker

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Fiducial marker refers to a specific type of marker or point of reference that is used in various fields such as robotics, surveying, computer vision, and medical imaging to allow for precise positioning or tracking of an object or location. In the context of medical imaging, fiducial markers are small objects placed in or on the body to serve as a point of reference in medical images. These markers are particularly useful in treatments that require precise localization, such as radiation therapy for cancer.

Usage in Medical Imaging

In medical imaging, fiducial markers are used to enhance the accuracy of treatment delivery in radiation therapy. They are often used in the treatment of tumors to allow for precise targeting of the radiation dose, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Fiducial markers are visible in medical imaging modalities such as CT scans, MRI, and X-rays, providing a consistent point of reference across different imaging sessions or treatment fractions.

Types of Fiducial Markers

Fiducial markers can be made from various materials, including gold, which is commonly used due to its visibility in imaging and biocompatibility. The choice of material and the size of the marker depend on the specific application and imaging modality. For example, in prostate cancer treatment, small gold markers are often implanted in the prostate to facilitate precise targeting during radiation therapy.

Application in Other Fields

Beyond medical imaging, fiducial markers are also used in fields such as robotics and computer vision for tasks that require precise positioning. In robotics, fiducial markers can help robots navigate by providing fixed points of reference in their environment. In computer vision, they are used to track the movement of objects or to facilitate the interaction between real-world and digital information in augmented reality applications.

Challenges and Considerations

While fiducial markers are invaluable for improving precision in various applications, their use also presents challenges. In medical applications, the placement of fiducial markers is an invasive procedure that may carry risks. Additionally, the accuracy of marker-based localization can be affected by factors such as marker migration or deformation of the surrounding tissue.

Conclusion

Fiducial markers play a critical role in enhancing the precision and accuracy of treatments and measurements in various fields. Their application in medical imaging, in particular, has significantly improved the outcomes of treatments such as radiation therapy by enabling precise targeting of tumors while sparing healthy tissue.

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