Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (also known as CL-20 or HNIW) is a powerful nitroamine explosive. It was first synthesized in 1989 by the China Lake team in the United States. It is more powerful than other commonly used explosives, such as TNT or RDX, and is also less sensitive to shock, friction, and heat, making it safer to handle.

Structure and Properties

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane is a polycyclic compound with a unique cage-like structure. It consists of six nitro groups and six azide groups arranged around a central carbon atom. This structure gives it high density and stability, contributing to its explosive power.

The compound is a pale yellow solid at room temperature. It has a high melting point (around 280°C) and is relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. These properties make it safer to handle than many other explosives.

Synthesis

The synthesis of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane involves several steps. First, hexamine is reacted with nitric acid to form a nitrate intermediate. This is then reacted with azide to form the final product. The synthesis process is complex and requires careful control of conditions to ensure safety and yield.

Uses

Due to its high explosive power and relative safety, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane is used in a variety of applications. It is used in military explosives, as well as in civilian applications such as mining and demolition. It is also used in the manufacture of rocket propellants and pyrotechnics.

Safety and Environmental Concerns

While hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane is less sensitive to shock, friction, and heat than many other explosives, it is still a dangerous material. It should be handled with care and appropriate safety measures should be taken.

There are also environmental concerns associated with the use of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. Like all explosives, it releases harmful gases when detonated. These can contribute to air pollution and climate change. In addition, the synthesis process produces waste products that can be harmful if not properly disposed of.

See Also

• Explosive material
• Nitroamine
• RDX
• TNT