Banjar people

Banjar people are an ethnic group native to the South Kalimantan province in Indonesia. They are the majority population in the region and have a significant presence in other parts of Indonesia as well as in neighboring countries such as Malaysia, particularly in Sabah and Sarawak. The Banjar culture is a blend of native Austronesian elements with influences from Islam, which was introduced to the region in the 15th century.

History

The Banjar people's history is closely tied to the Hindu kingdoms of the past, such as the Negara Dipa and the Negara Daha, which were among the earliest Hindu states in the Indonesian archipelago. The conversion of the Banjar to Islam in the 15th century marked a significant turning point in their history, leading to the establishment of the Banjar Sultanate. The sultanate played a crucial role in spreading Islam in the region and was a significant power in the southern Kalimantan until it was colonized by the Dutch East India Company.

Culture

Banjar culture is rich and diverse, encompassing traditional music, dance, and the arts. The Gambus and Panting are traditional musical instruments that are central to Banjar music. Traditional dances such as the Baksa Kembang and Gambut dance are important aspects of Banjar cultural celebrations. The Banjar language, which is part of the Malayic branch of the Austronesian language family, serves as a lingua franca in South Kalimantan and is spoken by the Banjar people.

Cuisine

Banjar cuisine is known for its distinctive flavors, which are a mix of indigenous ingredients and Islamic culinary traditions. A famous dish is Soto Banjar, a type of chicken soup flavored with spices and served with rice. Another popular dish is Ketupat Kandangan, a type of rice cake wrapped in palm leaves, which is often served during Eid al-Fitr and other festive occasions.

Religion

The majority of Banjar people practice Islam, which influences many aspects of their culture and daily life. Islamic holidays and festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm, and many Banjar people undertake the pilgrimage to Mecca.

Economy

Traditionally, the Banjar economy was based on agriculture, with rice being the staple crop. Fishing and trade were also important economic activities, given the region's extensive river systems and coastal location. In recent times, the economy has diversified, with many Banjar people engaging in various sectors such as business, services, and government roles.

Social Structure

The Banjar society is traditionally organized around kinship and community ties. The village, or kampung, is an important social unit, and leadership within the community is often hereditary. The Banjar also have a class system, which, although less pronounced today, historically divided society into nobles, commoners, and slaves.

Diaspora

The Banjar diaspora is significant, with communities found in various parts of Indonesia and Malaysia. Economic migration and the search for better opportunities have led many Banjar people to move to cities and other countries. Despite this, they maintain strong ties to their cultural heritage and continue to practice their traditions abroad.