Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia is a species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus, which is part of the Burkholderiaceae family. This bacterium is known for its resistance to common antibiotics and is often associated with infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease.

Characteristics

Burkholderia cenocepacia is a rod-shaped bacteria that is aerobic, meaning it requires oxygen to grow. It is capable of nitrogen fixation, a process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants and other organisms can use. This bacterium is also motile, with the ability to move towards or away from certain stimuli.

Pathogenicity

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it can cause disease when the host's immune system is compromised. It is particularly problematic in individuals with cystic fibrosis, where it can cause a rapid decline in lung function and, in severe cases, lead to a fatal syndrome known as "cepacia syndrome". It is also a significant pathogen in individuals with chronic granulomatous disease.

Treatment

Treatment of Burkholderia cenocepacia infections is challenging due to the bacterium's inherent resistance to many antibiotics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is often used to determine the most effective treatment strategy. However, the bacterium's ability to form biofilms can further complicate treatment, as biofilms are often resistant to antibiotics.

Epidemiology

Burkholderia cenocepacia is found in various environments worldwide, including soil and water. It is capable of surviving in harsh conditions and can spread through both direct person-to-person contact and indirect contact with contaminated surfaces.

Research

Research into Burkholderia cenocepacia is ongoing, with scientists seeking to better understand its pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and potential treatment strategies. This research is crucial for improving the prognosis for individuals with cystic fibrosis and other conditions who are susceptible to infection with this bacterium.