Chaconine

File:Solanine and Chaconine IPCS, INCHEM

Chaconine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in plants of the Solanaceae family, which includes the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is one of the two main glycoalkaloids present in potatoes, the other being solanine. Chaconine and solanine are responsible for the toxic effects associated with the consumption of green or sprouted potatoes.

Chemical Structure

Chaconine is a steroidal alkaloid glycoside. Its structure consists of a solanidine aglycone attached to a trisaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose.

Biosynthesis

Chaconine is synthesized in the potato plant as a defense mechanism against pests and pathogens. The biosynthesis pathway involves the conversion of cholesterol to solanidine, which is then glycosylated to form chaconine.

Toxicity

Chaconine is toxic to humans and animals when ingested in large quantities. Symptoms of chaconine poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and neurological disturbances. In severe cases, it can lead to coma or death. The toxicity of chaconine is due to its ability to disrupt cell membranes and inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

Occurrence in Potatoes

The concentration of chaconine in potatoes varies depending on factors such as variety, growing conditions, and storage. Higher levels are typically found in the skin and sprouts of the potato. Exposure to light can increase the levels of chaconine and solanine in potatoes, leading to the characteristic green discoloration.

Detection and Measurement

Chaconine levels in potatoes can be measured using various analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). These methods allow for the accurate quantification of chaconine and other glycoalkaloids in potato samples.

Safety and Regulation

Regulatory agencies in many countries have established guidelines for the acceptable levels of glycoalkaloids in potatoes and potato products. These guidelines are intended to minimize the risk of chaconine poisoning in consumers.

See Also

• Solanine
• Glycoalkaloid
• Potato
• Solanaceae
• Toxicology

External Links

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