Cheyenne

Gilcrease - Cheyenne Beaded Dress

Woolaroc - Cheyenne-Shirt

Cheyenne model teepee 1860

WRichardWestJr

Edward S. Curtis Collection People 084

Cheyenne are a Native American people of the Great Plains, who are of the Algonquian language family. The Cheyenne nation is composed of two united tribes, the Só'taeo'o (more commonly spelled as Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (more commonly called the Tsitsistas), which translate to "Those who are like this" in the Cheyenne language. Historically, the Cheyenne were hunters and gatherers and are known for their participation in the American Indian Wars against the expansion of the United States into their territories.

History

The Cheyenne originally resided in the area of what is now Minnesota and North Dakota, before migrating to the Great Plains in the 18th century. During the 19th century, the Cheyenne played a significant role in the resistance against United States expansion into their territories, participating in several key battles and conflicts, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Culture

The Cheyenne culture is rich with spiritual beliefs, ceremonies, and rituals. One of their most sacred ceremonies is the Sun Dance, which is a prayer for life, world renewal, and thanksgiving. The Cheyenne also have a strong warrior tradition, with societies such as the Dog Soldiers playing a significant role in their military and social structure.

Language

The Cheyenne language, Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse, belongs to the Algonquian language family. It is considered an endangered language, with efforts being made to revitalize it through educational programs and the use of modern technology.

Contemporary Issues

Today, the Cheyenne people are divided into two federally recognized tribes: the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, located in southeastern Montana, and the Southern Cheyenne Tribe, which, together with the Southern Arapaho Tribe, forms the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma. They continue to face challenges related to economic development, the preservation of their culture and language, and the management of natural resources on their reservations.

Notable Cheyenne

- Dull Knife (Morning Star), a prominent leader during the Indian Wars. - Black Kettle, known for his efforts to secure peace between the Cheyenne and the United States.