Major duodenal papilla

Major duodenal papilla

The major duodenal papilla (also known as the greater duodenal papilla) is an important anatomical structure located in the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine. It is the site where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct (also known as the duct of Wirsung) empty their contents into the duodenum. This structure plays a crucial role in the digestive system by facilitating the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine, aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The major duodenal papilla is typically located in the second part of the duodenum, approximately 7-10 cm from the pylorus of the stomach. It is a small, nipple-like projection on the inner surface of the duodenum. The opening of the major duodenal papilla is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve that regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the major duodenal papilla is to serve as the conduit for bile and pancreatic enzymes to enter the duodenum. Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, is essential for the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats. Pancreatic juice, produced by the pancreas, contains a variety of digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

The major duodenal papilla can be involved in several medical conditions. Gallstones can obstruct the common bile duct, leading to a condition known as choledocholithiasis. Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis, can also be associated with blockages or dysfunctions at the major duodenal papilla. Additionally, tumors or strictures in this area can lead to obstructive jaundice and other complications.