Meniscus (anatomy)

==Meniscus (anatomy) ==

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that, in humans, is found in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints. The term "meniscus" is used to refer to either of the two specific structures in the knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The menisci of the knee are two C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act as a cushion between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone). The medial meniscus is located on the inner side of the knee joint, while the lateral meniscus is on the outer side. These structures are composed of dense, fibrous tissue that is highly resistant to compression and shear forces.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary functions of the menisci are to:

Distribute load across the knee joint
Absorb shock
Stabilize the knee during movement
Facilitate joint lubrication and nutrition
Limit extreme flexion and extension

Blood Supply[edit | edit source]

The blood supply to the meniscus is limited, which affects its ability to heal. The outer one-third of the meniscus, known as the "red zone," has a relatively good blood supply, while the inner two-thirds, known as the "white zone," is avascular (lacking blood vessels).

Injuries[edit | edit source]

Meniscal injuries are common, particularly among athletes. These injuries can occur due to trauma or degenerative changes. Common types of meniscal injuries include:

Symptoms of a meniscal injury may include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the knee. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through physical examination and imaging studies such as MRI.