NSP4 (rotavirus)

NSP4 (Non-Structural Protein 4) is a viral protein produced by the rotavirus that plays a crucial role in the virus's replication cycle and pathogenesis. It is the first identified viral enterotoxin, a toxin produced by a virus that targets the intestines.

Structure

NSP4 is a single-pass transmembrane protein that is approximately 20 kDa in size. It is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of infected cells, where it forms homodimers that are essential for its function. The protein has a unique structure, with a globular domain at the C-terminus and a coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus.

Function

NSP4 serves multiple functions in the rotavirus life cycle. It acts as an intracellular receptor for the virus, facilitating the assembly of new virus particles. It also induces calcium ion influx into the cytoplasm, which is necessary for virus replication.

In addition to its role in virus replication, NSP4 also contributes to the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection. It acts as an enterotoxin by disrupting the intestinal barrier, leading to diarrhea. It also stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to the immune response and inflammation associated with rotavirus infection.

Clinical significance

Due to its crucial role in rotavirus replication and pathogenesis, NSP4 is a potential target for antiviral drugs and vaccines. Several studies have shown that antibodies against NSP4 can neutralize the virus and protect against infection. Furthermore, small molecule inhibitors that target NSP4 have been identified and are currently being investigated for their antiviral potential.

See also

• Rotavirus
• Viral protein
• Enterotoxin
• Transmembrane protein

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