Richter's transformation

Richter's transformation (RT), also known as Richter's syndrome, is a complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). It is characterized by the transformation of these diseases into a more aggressive form of lymphoma, typically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

Richter's transformation occurs in approximately 2-10% of patients with CLL/SLL. The risk of transformation increases with the duration of CLL/SLL.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

The exact mechanism of Richter's transformation is not fully understood. It is believed to involve genetic mutations and changes in the tumor microenvironment.

Clinical presentation[edit | edit source]

Patients with Richter's transformation often present with rapidly enlarging lymph nodes, B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of Richter's transformation is made by biopsy of an enlarged lymph node or other involved tissue. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment of Richter's transformation is challenging and often involves aggressive chemotherapy regimens. Stem cell transplantation may be considered in eligible patients.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis of Richter's transformation is generally poor, with a median survival of less than one year.

See also[edit | edit source]

Richter's transformation Resources
Need Help Finding a Doctor? Need help finding a doctor or specialist anywhere in the world? Explore our world directory. WikiMD's DocFinder can assist you in locating millions of physicians.	Medical Knowledge Access the latest research - Most recent articles Ongoing trials.