Selenium tetrachloride

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Selenium tetrachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SeCl₄. It is a colorless, hygroscopic solid that is used in various chemical reactions and processes. Selenium tetrachloride is notable for its role in the synthesis of other selenium compounds and its use in organic chemistry.

Structure and Properties

Selenium tetrachloride is a tetrahedral molecule, similar in structure to sulfur tetrachloride. The central selenium atom is bonded to four chlorine atoms. The compound is highly reactive and can decompose in the presence of moisture to form selenium dioxide (SeO₂) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Synthesis

Selenium tetrachloride can be synthesized by the direct chlorination of selenium: <math>Se + 2Cl₂ → SeCl₄</math> This reaction is typically carried out in a controlled environment to prevent the formation of unwanted by-products.

Reactions

Selenium tetrachloride is a versatile reagent in organic and inorganic chemistry. It can react with water to form selenium dioxide and hydrochloric acid: <math>SeCl₄ + 2H₂O → SeO₂ + 4HCl</math> It also reacts with alcohols to form selenate esters and with amines to form selenamides.

Applications

Selenium tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of various selenium-containing compounds. It is also employed in organic synthesis as a chlorinating agent. Additionally, it has applications in the semiconductor industry for the preparation of selenium-based materials.

Safety and Handling

Selenium tetrachloride is highly corrosive and should be handled with care. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin and eyes. Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this compound. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture.

See Also

• Selenium
• Selenium dioxide
• Sulfur tetrachloride
• Hydrochloric acid