Sternoclavicular joint

Gray325.png

The sternoclavicular joint (SC joint) is a synovial joint located between the sternum (breastbone) and the clavicle (collarbone). It is one of the four joints that compose the shoulder complex, which also includes the acromioclavicular joint, the glenohumeral joint, and the scapulothoracic joint.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle-type joint that allows for a wide range of motion. It is composed of the following structures:

Articular surfaces: The joint surfaces include the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum.
Articular disc: A fibrocartilaginous disc that divides the joint into two separate cavities, enhancing the joint's stability and allowing for smooth movement.
Joint capsule: A fibrous capsule that surrounds the joint, providing additional stability.
Ligaments: Several ligaments support the SC joint, including the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, the interclavicular ligament, and the costoclavicular ligament.

Function[edit | edit source]

The sternoclavicular joint plays a crucial role in the movement and stability of the shoulder girdle. It allows for movements such as:

Elevation and depression: Raising and lowering the shoulder.
Protraction and retraction: Moving the shoulder forward and backward.
Rotation: Rotating the clavicle around its longitudinal axis.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Injuries to the sternoclavicular joint can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or direct impact to the shoulder. Common conditions affecting the SC joint include:

Dislocation: The displacement of the clavicle from the sternum, which can be anterior or posterior.
Arthritis: Degenerative changes in the joint, leading to pain and reduced mobility.
Infection: Septic arthritis can occur in the SC joint, although it is rare.

Diagnosis and Treatment[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of SC joint conditions typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as X-ray or MRI, and sometimes CT scan for detailed visualization. Treatment options vary depending on the condition and may include:

Conservative management: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy.
Surgical intervention: In cases of severe dislocation or persistent pain, surgical repair or reconstruction may be necessary.