Taranto

Tarantoharb1921

Map of comune of Taranto (province of Taranto, region Apulia, Italy)

Taranto & harbor from ISS 2017

Mar Piccolo Taranto panorama

Colonne Doriche

Ponte Girevole (Taranto) opening 1

Taranto is a coastal city located in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Taranto and is known for its rich history, culture, and economic significance, particularly in the naval and industrial sectors. The city is situated on the edge of the Ionian Sea, in the Gulf of Taranto, and is characterized by its unique geographical feature, the "Mar Grande" (Big Sea) and "Mar Piccolo" (Little Sea), with the latter being a lagoon. This strategic location has historically made Taranto an important naval base and commercial port.

History

Taranto's history dates back to antiquity when it was founded by the Spartans in the 8th century BC. It was known as Tarentum in Latin, and its foundation is closely linked with the myth of Taras, son of Poseidon. Throughout the centuries, Taranto played a significant role in various historical periods, including the Roman Empire, when it became a major commercial hub due to its strategic position. The city was also notable during the Middle Ages and under the rule of the Byzantine Empire, the Normans, and later the Kingdom of Naples.

During World War II, Taranto was the site of a significant naval battle, the Battle of Taranto, which demonstrated the effectiveness of aircraft carriers in naval warfare. In the post-war era, Taranto faced challenges related to industrialization, particularly with the establishment of the ILVA steel plant, which has been a source of economic growth and environmental concerns.

Economy

The economy of Taranto is diverse, with a strong base in heavy industry, commerce, agriculture, and services. The ILVA steel plant, one of the largest in Europe, plays a crucial role in the city's economy, although it has also raised environmental and health issues. The naval sector remains significant, with the Italian Navy having a substantial presence in the city. Additionally, Taranto's port is vital for commercial and fishing activities, contributing to the local and regional economy.

Culture and Tourism

Taranto is rich in cultural heritage, with numerous historical sites, museums, and architectural landmarks. The National Archaeological Museum of Taranto (MArTA) houses one of the most important collections of Greek and Roman artifacts in Italy. The city's old town, known as the "Città Vecchia," features narrow streets, ancient churches, and the Aragonese Castle. The Taranto Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Catald, is another notable landmark.

The city also hosts various cultural events and festivals, including the Feast of Saint Catald and the Taranto International Film Festival. The surrounding region offers beautiful landscapes, beaches, and culinary experiences, making Taranto a growing tourist destination.

Environmental Issues

Taranto faces significant environmental challenges, primarily due to pollution from industrial activities. The ILVA steel plant has been at the center of health and environmental debates due to emissions that have affected air quality and public health in the region. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues, including modernization projects aimed at reducing pollution and improving environmental standards.

Conclusion

Taranto is a city with a rich historical legacy and a diverse cultural fabric. Despite facing economic and environmental challenges, it remains an important center in Italy's Apulia region, with potential for future development and growth. The city's strategic location, historical significance, and cultural wealth continue to shape its identity and prospects.