Tisagenlecleucel-T

Tisagenlecleucel-T is a type of immunotherapy that is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer. It is a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, which involves modifying a patient's own T cells to express a receptor specific for a particular protein on the surface of cancer cells.

History

Tisagenlecleucel-T was developed by Novartis, a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company. It was the first CAR-T therapy to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, receiving approval in August 2017 for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pediatric and young adult patients.

Mechanism of Action

Tisagenlecleucel-T works by targeting a protein called CD19, which is found on the surface of B cells, including B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. The patient's T cells are collected and genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that recognizes CD19. These modified T cells are then infused back into the patient, where they can recognize and kill CD19-expressing cancer cells.

Clinical Use

Tisagenlecleucel-T is used in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in second or later relapse in pediatric and young adult patients up to 25 years of age. It is also approved for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of tisagenlecleucel-T include cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to high fever, low blood pressure, and organ damage. Neurological toxicities are also common and can include confusion, seizures, and severe headaches.

Future Directions

Research is ongoing to expand the use of tisagenlecleucel-T to other types of cancer and to improve its safety and efficacy. This includes the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies that can target multiple antigens and the use of combination therapies with other types of immunotherapy.

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