Vidian nerve

Vidian Nerve

The course and connections of the Vidian nerve.

The Vidian nerve, also known as the nerve of the pterygoid canal, is a nerve in the human anatomy that carries both sensory and autonomic fibers. It is named after the Italian anatomist Guido Guidi, who is also known by his Latin name Vidus Vidius.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The Vidian nerve is formed in the pterygopalatine fossa by the union of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve. It travels through the pterygoid canal and ends in the sphenopalatine ganglion.

The Vidian nerve and its associated structures.

Function[edit | edit source]

The Vidian nerve carries parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory fibers. The parasympathetic fibers originate from the superior salivatory nucleus and provide secretomotor function to the lacrimal gland and mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx. The sympathetic fibers originate from the superior cervical ganglion and provide vasoconstrictor function to the same glands. The sensory fibers provide sensation to the nasal cavity and palate.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Due to its location and the structures it innervates, the Vidian nerve can be involved in various pathological conditions, such as Vidian neuralgia, sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia, and certain types of headaches and facial pain.