File:Guiding the Milky Way (potw2222a).jpg

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	15:14, 9 August 2023		6,048 × 4,024 (6.91 MB)	OptimusPrimeBot	#Spacemedia - Upload of https://cdn.eso.org/images/large/potw2222a.jpg via Commons:Spacemedia

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Laser

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Author	Alberto Ghizzi Panizza
Copyright holder	Alberto Ghizzi Panizza
Image title	This picture of the week shows four powerful laser beams leaving Unit Telescope 4, or‘Yepun’, at ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile’s Atacama desert. These form the VLT’s 4 Laser Guide Star Facility, which enables astronomers to take extremely crisp images of the cosmos by employing a technology known as adaptive optics. Using adaptive optics, telescopes are able tocorrect for the effects of atmospheric turbulence, which causes the “twinkling” and blurring of stars and other objects in the sky. To do this, a deformable mirror reshapes itself up to 1000 times per second based on the observed turbulence. Astronomers measure turbulence by monitoring a brightstar in the field of view. If there isn’t a suitable star, they create artificial stars in the Earth’s upper atmosphere using lasers. The lasers in this image have a very specific orange-yellow colour (with a wavelength of 589 nm), exciting sodium atoms about 90 km above ground, causing them toshine like a star. In the backdrop, almost appearing to follow the path of the laser beams, is the familiar band of the Milky Way stretching across the sky. Also visible is a faint green wash in the sky that results from a phenomenon known as airglow, which is light naturally emitted by atoms and molecules in the atmosphere. Airglow is only visible in areas where the sky is dark enough not to be overshadowed by light pollution.
Date and time of data generation	06:00, 30 May 2022
Software used	NIKON Z 6 Ver.01.01
File change date and time	15:01, 15 January 2021
Serial number of camera	6004150
Lens used	0.0 mm f/0.0
Date and time of digitizing	01:38, 29 April 2019
Rating (out of 5)	0
Date metadata was last modified	16:01, 15 January 2021
Credit/Provider	ESO/A. Ghizzi Panizza (www.albertoghizzipanizza.com)
Source	European Southern Observatory
Unique ID of original document	B710454614A07736BAFA6F1945B4120E
Short title	Guiding the Milky Way
Keywords	Laser Guide Star VLT Unit Telescopes
Contact information	https://www.eso.org Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 Garching bei München, None, D-85748 Germany
Usage terms	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
IIM version	4