List of lymph nodes

List of Lymph Nodes

The human body contains a vast network of lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped structures that play a crucial role in the immune system. Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which helps the body to fight infections and diseases. They filter lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells and waste products, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances, which are then destroyed by the white blood cells. This article provides a detailed list of the major lymph nodes found in the human body.

Head and Neck

• Cervical Lymph Nodes: Located in the neck, these lymph nodes are divided into two groups: the deep and superficial cervical lymph nodes. They play a key role in filtering lymph from the head and neck region.
• Parotid Lymph Nodes: Found near the parotid gland, these nodes filter lymph from the scalp, face, and upper part of the neck.
• Submandibular Lymph Nodes: Located beneath the jaw, they filter lymph from the parts of the face, the upper lip, and the mouth.
• Submental Lymph Nodes: Found under the chin, these nodes filter lymph from the lower lip, the floor of the mouth, and the tip of the tongue.

Upper Limbs

• Axillary Lymph Nodes: These are located in the armpits and filter lymph from the upper limbs, chest, and upper back.

Thorax

• Mediastinal Lymph Nodes: Located in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, these nodes filter lymph from the thorax, heart, and lungs.
• Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes: Found around the trachea and bronchi, they filter lymph from the lungs and airways.

Abdomen and Pelvis

• Mesenteric Lymph Nodes: These are situated in the mesentery, the fold of tissue that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and filter lymph from the intestines.
• Para-aortic Lymph Nodes: Located around the aorta in the abdomen, they filter lymph from the lower trunk and the legs.
• Pelvic Lymph Nodes: Found in the pelvic region, these nodes filter lymph from the internal pelvic organs.

Lower Limbs

• Inguinal Lymph Nodes: Located in the groin, these nodes filter lymph from the lower abdomen, buttocks, and legs.

Function and Clinical Significance

Lymph nodes are vital for the immune response. When the body is fighting an infection, lymph nodes can become swollen and tender, a condition known as lymphadenopathy. This is often one of the first signs of infection or disease. Moreover, cancer cells can spread through the lymphatic system, and the presence of cancerous cells in lymph nodes is a critical factor in cancer staging and treatment planning.