Racial

Racial refers to the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry, genetics, or social relations, or the relations between them. The term is often associated with sociology, anthropology, and genetics.

Definition and usage

The term "racial" is derived from the concept of a race, which attempts to categorize humans into large groups by heritable phenotypic characteristics, geographic ancestry, culture, history, language, or social practice. The categorization is often criticized for its lack of a precise, universally accepted definition, leading to ambiguity and controversy.

Racial classification

Racial classification is the attempt to categorize humans into definable groups. This has been attempted through various methods, including phenotype, genotype, and ancestry. The validity and utility of these classifications are subjects of ongoing debate in biology, genetics, and ethnology.

Racial disparities

Racial disparities refer to differences in life outcomes that occur between different racial groups. These disparities can be observed in various sectors of society, including education, healthcare, and criminal justice. They are often the result of systemic racism and can have significant impacts on the lives of individuals and communities.

Racial identity

Racial identity is the qualitative meaning one ascribes to one's racial group, in which race is a part of their identity. It is a complex and multifaceted concept, influenced by individual, familial, and societal factors.

Racial discrimination

Racial discrimination involves treating people differently based on their race or color. It is a pervasive social problem in many societies and is often institutionalized in social systems and structures.

See also

• Race (human categorization)
• Racism
• Ethnic group
• Social inequality

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