Template:Politics of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government

Executive Branch

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

• Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.

• Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see

• Constitution of India
• Prime Minister of India
• Parliament of India
• Supreme Court of India
• Bharatiya Janata Party
• Indian National Congress
• Election Commission of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government

Executive Branch

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

• Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.

• Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see

• Constitution of India
• Prime Minister of India
• Parliament of India
• Supreme Court of India
• Bharatiya Janata Party
• Indian National Congress
• Election Commission of India

The Politics of India is a complex and multifaceted system that operates within the framework of a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The political structure of India is defined by its Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. The Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Structure of Government

Executive Branch

The executive branch of the Indian government is headed by the President of India, who serves as the ceremonial head of state. The President is elected by an electoral college for a term of five years. The real executive power, however, is vested in the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is usually the leader of the party or coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.

The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, exercises executive authority. The Council is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Legislative Branch

India has a bicameral legislature, known as the Parliament of India, which consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

• Lok Sabha: The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives directly elected by the people of India. It has a maximum strength of 552 members, including up to 20 members representing the Union Territories and two members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community if deemed necessary.

• Rajya Sabha: The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved but one-third of its members retire every two years. It consists of a maximum of 250 members, of which 12 are nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields such as literature, science, art, and social service.

Judicial Branch

The judiciary in India is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority and has the power of judicial review. It is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and adjudicating disputes between the central government and the states, as well as between states.

Political Parties

India has a multi-party system, with a variety of national and regional parties. The two major national parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Indian National Congress (INC). Regional parties play a significant role in state politics and often influence national politics through coalition governments.

Elections

Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, an autonomous constitutional authority. General elections for the Lok Sabha are held every five years, while elections for the state legislative assemblies are held at varying intervals.

Federal Structure

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Each state has its own government, which is structured similarly to the central government, with a Governor, a Chief Minister, and a state legislature.

Challenges and Issues

The political landscape in India faces several challenges, including corruption, political instability, and communal tensions. Electoral reforms and the strengthening of democratic institutions are ongoing processes aimed at addressing these issues.

Also see

• Constitution of India
• Prime Minister of India
• Parliament of India
• Supreme Court of India
• Bharatiya Janata Party
• Indian National Congress
• Election Commission of India