Cromoglicic acid

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Cromoglicic acid synthesis

Cromoglicic acid, also known as cromolyn sodium, is a medication primarily used in the management and prevention of asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is also effective in treating symptoms of mastocytosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in mast cells. Cromoglicic acid works by stabilizing mast cells, preventing them from releasing inflammatory substances like histamines that contribute to allergy symptoms and asthma attacks.

Uses

Cromoglicic acid is utilized in various forms, including inhalation for asthma, nasal spray for allergic rhinitis, and eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. It is not a fast-acting medication and is used mainly for prevention rather than treatment of acute attacks.

Asthma

In asthma, cromoglicic acid is used as a prophylactic agent to prevent the onset of symptoms. It is particularly effective in exercise-induced asthma and asthma triggered by allergens or environmental irritants.

Allergic Rhinitis

For allergic rhinitis, cromoglicic acid in the form of a nasal spray can help prevent and control symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion.

Mastocytosis

Patients with mastocytosis may benefit from cromoglicic acid as it helps in reducing the symptoms associated with the release of mediators from mast cells.

Mechanism of Action

Cromoglicic acid stabilizes mast cells, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. This action prevents the cascade of reactions that lead to inflammation and allergic responses.

Administration

Cromoglicic acid is administered through inhalation for asthma, as a nasal spray for allergic rhinitis, and as eye drops for conjunctivitis. Its effectiveness is dependent on regular and consistent use as directed by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

Side effects of cromoglicic acid are generally mild and may include cough, throat irritation, or nasal congestion when inhaled or used as a nasal spray. Eye drops may cause temporary irritation or stinging in the eyes.

History

Cromoglicic acid was discovered in the 1960s and has been a significant addition to the management of asthma and allergies. Its ability to prevent allergic reactions by stabilizing mast cells has made it a valuable tool in treating these conditions.