Candidatus Phytoplasma

Candidatus Phytoplasma is a genus of bacteria in the class Mollicutes. These bacteria are known for their lack of a cell wall and their small size, typically ranging from 200 to 800 nanometers in diameter. They are obligate parasites of plants and insects, and are responsible for causing a number of plant diseases.

Taxonomy

The genus Candidatus Phytoplasma belongs to the class Mollicutes, a group of bacteria that lack a cell wall. This class also includes the genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma. The name Candidatus Phytoplasma is used to denote a phytoplasma that has been well characterized but not yet cultured in vitro.

Morphology

Candidatus Phytoplasma are small, pleomorphic bacteria that lack a cell wall. They are typically 200 to 800 nanometers in diameter. Due to their lack of a cell wall, they can change shape and size in response to changes in their environment.

Pathogenicity

Candidatus Phytoplasma are obligate parasites of plants and insects. They are transmitted by insects, primarily leafhoppers, planthoppers, and psyllids. Once inside a plant, they colonize the phloem tissue and cause a variety of symptoms, including yellowing, stunting, and abnormal growth. Some of the diseases caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma include Apple proliferation, Peach yellow leaf roll, and Grapevine yellows.

Detection and Control

Detection of Candidatus Phytoplasma is typically done through PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. Control of these bacteria is difficult due to their obligate parasitic lifestyle. However, strategies such as insecticide application and the use of resistant plant varieties can help to manage phytoplasma diseases.

See also

• Mollicutes
• Phytoplasma
• Plant pathology

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