Adrenocorticotropic hormone (medication)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Medication)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a medication that is used to treat various medical conditions related to the adrenal glands. It is a hormone produced naturally by the pituitary gland in the brain, but it can also be synthesized and used as a medication.

Mechanism of Action

ACTH acts by stimulating the production and release of cortisol, a hormone that is essential for the regulation of various bodily functions. It binds to specific receptors on the adrenal cortex, which triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions leading to the synthesis and release of cortisol.

Medical Uses

ACTH is primarily used in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency, a condition characterized by the inadequate production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. It is also used in the diagnosis of adrenal disorders, such as adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia.

Additionally, ACTH may be prescribed for other conditions, including:

1. Multiple Sclerosis: ACTH has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a treatment option for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.

2. Infantile Spasms: ACTH has been found to be effective in the treatment of infantile spasms, a rare form of epilepsy that occurs in infants.

3. Rheumatoid Arthritis: ACTH has been used as an alternative treatment for rheumatoid arthritis when other medications have failed to provide relief.

Administration

ACTH is typically administered via injection, either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient's response to the medication.

Side Effects

Common side effects of ACTH may include:

- Increased appetite - Weight gain - Fluid retention - Mood changes - Insomnia - Increased blood pressure

It is important to note that long-term use of ACTH may lead to more serious side effects, such as osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, regular monitoring and close supervision by a healthcare professional are necessary during treatment.

Precautions

Before starting ACTH treatment, it is important to inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, allergies, or medications you are currently taking. ACTH may interact with certain medications, such as anticoagulants or anticonvulsants, and may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension.

References

For more information on ACTH and its medical uses, please refer to the following sources:

1. ACTH - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf 2. ACTH (Injection Route) - Mayo Clinic 3. ACTH - RxList

See Also

• Adrenal Insufficiency
• Cortisol
• Pituitary Gland
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Infantile Spasms
• Rheumatoid Arthritis