Adrenal cortex

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Adrenal Cortex[edit | edit source]

Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland

Overview[edit | edit source]

The adrenal cortex is the outer region of the adrenal glands, which are small but crucial endocrine organs located on top of each kidney. This cortex plays a vital role in hormone production, specifically androgens and corticosteroids, essential for various bodily functions.

Anatomy and Location[edit | edit source]

Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Cortex
  • The adrenal cortex surrounds the inner adrenal medulla.
  • Each adrenal gland is divided into three distinct zones: the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis.

Hormone Production[edit | edit source]

Androgens[edit | edit source]

  • Androgens, such as testosterone, are male sex hormones but are also present in females.
  • They are responsible for the development of male characteristics and reproductive activity.

Corticosteroids[edit | edit source]

  • The adrenal cortex produces two main types of corticosteroids: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
  • Glucocorticoids, like cortisol, regulate the body's stress response, metabolism, and immune response.
  • Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, control blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Functions[edit | edit source]

  • Regulating metabolism and the immune system.
  • Maintaining blood pressure and cardiovascular function.
  • Managing the body's response to stress.

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex[edit | edit source]

  • Conditions like Addison's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome result from the dysfunction of the adrenal cortex.
  • Addison's Disease is characterized by insufficient hormone production, whereas Cushing's Syndrome involves excessive hormone production.

Diagnostic Tests[edit | edit source]

  • Blood tests to measure levels of adrenal hormones.
  • Imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs to assess the structure of the adrenal glands.

Treatment and Management[edit | edit source]

  • Hormone replacement therapy for conditions like Addison's Disease.
  • Surgical intervention in cases of adrenal tumors or hyperplasia.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]


External Links[edit | edit source]

Adrenal cortex Resources
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