Articular disc of sternoclavicular joint

Articular Disc of Sternoclavicular Joint

The articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint is a fibrocartilaginous structure that plays a crucial role in the stability and function of the joint. It is located between the sternum and the clavicle, acting as a cushion and providing a smooth surface for the bones to articulate.

Anatomy

The articular disc is a small, oval-shaped structure that is positioned within the sternoclavicular joint. It is composed of dense fibrous tissue and is covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage on its articulating surfaces. The disc is thicker at its periphery and thinner towards its center.

The disc is attached to the clavicle and the sternum by ligaments. The anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments connect the disc to the sternum, while the costoclavicular ligament attaches it to the first rib. These ligaments provide stability to the joint and prevent excessive movement.

Function

The articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint serves several important functions:

1. Shock Absorption: The disc acts as a shock absorber, distributing the forces transmitted through the joint during movements such as lifting or carrying heavy objects. This helps to protect the bones and surrounding structures from excessive stress.

2. Stability: The disc enhances the stability of the sternoclavicular joint by maintaining the proper alignment of the clavicle and sternum. It prevents excessive movement and dislocation of the joint, ensuring smooth and controlled motion.

3. Load Transmission: The disc helps to evenly distribute the load across the joint surface, reducing the risk of localized pressure points and potential damage to the bones and cartilage.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint are relatively rare but can occur due to trauma or repetitive stress. Dislocation or subluxation of the joint can cause damage to the disc, leading to pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.

Treatment for articular disc injuries may include conservative measures such as rest, immobilization, and physical therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required to repair or reconstruct the damaged disc.

Internal Links

- Sternoclavicular Joint: Learn more about the anatomy and function of the sternoclavicular joint. - Fibrocartilage: Understand the characteristics and functions of fibrocartilage in the body. - Hyaline Cartilage: Explore the properties and roles of hyaline cartilage in joints. - Ligaments: Discover the importance of ligaments in providing stability and support to joints. - Dislocation: Find out more about joint dislocations and their management.

References

1. Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1918. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563232/ 2. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017. 3. Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. 7th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2012.