Vernix

Vernix caseosa, also known as vernix, is a white, creamy, naturally occurring substance that covers the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy. It is composed primarily of water (80.5%), lipids (10.3%), and proteins (9.1%). The vernix starts to be produced around the 20th week of gestation and is primarily composed of sebaceous gland secretions. It is believed to have several protective roles during pregnancy and after delivery.

Composition

The vernix caseosa is composed primarily of water, lipids, and proteins. The lipids are primarily triglycerides and wax esters, while the proteins are largely keratins. The vernix also contains antimicrobial peptides, such as beta-defensins and LL-37, which may play a role in the innate immune system of the newborn.

Function

The vernix caseosa has several functions. It protects the fetus's skin from the amniotic fluid, which can cause the skin to become chapped or wrinkled. It also acts as a barrier to infection and has antimicrobial properties. After birth, the vernix may help to moisturize the newborn's skin and protect it from infection.

Clinical significance

The presence or absence of vernix caseosa on a newborn can provide clues about the newborn's gestational age. For example, preterm infants often have more vernix than full-term infants. Vernix may also be used to assess the health of the newborn. For example, a lack of vernix may suggest that the newborn has been under stress.

See also

• Sebaceous gland
• Amniotic fluid
• Gestation
• Newborn

References

Vernix Resources
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