Xiphoid

Xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human. It is also known as the xiphisternum and represents the lowest and smallest part of the sternum.

Anatomy

The xiphoid process is located in the anterior (front) midline of the thorax, just below the sternum. It is a small, thin, elongated plate of cartilage that later ossifies and becomes bone. The xiphoid process varies in size, shape, and degree of ossification. In some individuals, it may remain cartilaginous throughout life.

Function

The xiphoid process serves as an attachment point for several important muscles, including the diaphragm, the rectus abdominis, and the transversus thoracis. These muscles play key roles in breathing and abdominal movements.

Clinical significance

The xiphoid process can be felt in the epigastric region, just below the sternum. It is often used as a landmark in the Heimlich maneuver and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, excessive pressure on the xiphoid process during these procedures can lead to xiphoid process pain syndrome or even fracture.

See also

• Sternum
• Diaphragm (anatomy)
• Rectus abdominis muscle
• Transversus thoracis muscle

References

Xiphoid Resources
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