Bemiparin sodium

Heparin General Structure V.1

Bemiparin sodium is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with anticoagulant properties, used primarily for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a form of heparin that is derived from the mucosal tissues of pigs, similar to other low molecular weight heparins such as enoxaparin and dalteparin. Bemiparin sodium works by inhibiting factor Xa, a key component in the blood coagulation pathway, thereby reducing the ability of blood to form clots.

Indications

Bemiparin sodium is indicated for various conditions related to thromboembolism. Its primary uses include:

• Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing orthopedic or general surgery.
• Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with or without pulmonary embolism.
• Prevention of clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis.

Mechanism of Action

Bemiparin sodium exerts its anticoagulant effect by binding to antithrombin III (AT III), enhancing the rate at which it inactivates factor Xa. Unlike unfractionated heparin, LMWHs have a higher ratio of anti-factor Xa to anti-factor IIa activity, making them more specific in their action and potentially reducing the risk of bleeding.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetic profile of bemiparin sodium is characterized by its rapid absorption and predictable anticoagulant response. It has a relatively long half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing in most indications. Bemiparin is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

Adverse Effects

As with other anticoagulants, the most common side effect of bemiparin sodium is bleeding. Other potential adverse effects include:

• Thrombocytopenia, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Osteoporosis with long-term use
• Local reactions at the injection site, such as pain, bruising, or irritation

Contraindications

Bemiparin sodium is contraindicated in patients with:

• Active major bleeding
• Hypersensitivity to bemiparin, heparin, or any components of the formulation
• History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Administration

Bemiparin sodium is administered subcutaneously. The dose and duration of treatment depend on the indication, patient's weight, and clinical condition.

Comparison with Other LMWHs

While all LMWHs share a similar mechanism of action, there are differences in their molecular weights, anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities, and dosing regimens. Bemiparin sodium's unique properties, such as its long half-life and once-daily dosing, may offer advantages in certain clinical situations.