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Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics.
| Sovereign states | * Amsterdam, Netherlands 1
- Andorra la Vella, Andorra
- Ankara, Turkey3
- Astana, Kazakhstan3
- Athens, Greece
- Baku, Azerbaijan3
- Belgrade, Serbia
- Berlin, Germany
- Bern, Switzerland
- Bratislava, Slovakia
- Brussels, Belgium2
- Bucharest, Romania
- Budapest, Hungary
- Chișinău, Moldova
- Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dublin, Ireland
- Helsinki, Finland
- Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lisbon, Portugal
- Ljubljana, Slovenia
- London, United Kingdom
- Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Madrid, Spain
- Minsk, Belarus
- Monaco5
- Moscow, Russia
- Nicosia, Cyprus3
- Oslo, Norway
- Paris, France
- Podgorica, Montenegro
- Prague, Czech Republic
- Reykjavík, Iceland
- Riga, Latvia
- Rome, Italy
- San Marino, San Marino
- Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Skopje, North Macedonia
- Sofia, Bulgaria
- Stockholm, Sweden
- Tallinn, Estonia
- Tbilisi, Georgia3
- Tirana, Albania
- Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Valletta, Malta
- Vatican City5
- Vienna, Austria
- Vilnius, Lithuania
- Warsaw, Poland
- Yerevan, Armenia3
- Zagreb, Croatia
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States with
limited recognition | |
| Dependencies | |
| Federal states |
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| Austria | |
| Belgium | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Germany | * Berlin, Berlin
- Bremen, Bremen
- Dresden, Saxony
- Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Erfurt, Thuringia
- Hamburg, Hamburg
- Hanover, Lower Saxony
- Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein
- Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Munich, Bavaria
- Potsdam, Brandenburg
- Saarbrücken, Saarland
- Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
- Wiesbaden, Hesse
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| Russia |
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| Republics | * Cheboksary, Chuvashia
- Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkessia
- Elista, Kalmykia
- Grozny, Chechnya
- Izhevsk, Udmurtia
- Kazan, Tatarstan
- Magas, Ingushetia
- Makhachkala, Dagestan
- Maykop, Adygea
- Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria
- Petrozavodsk, Karelia
- Saransk, Mordovia
- Simferopol, Crimea (disputed)
- Syktyvkar, Komi
- Ufa, Bashkortostan
- Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania
- Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El
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| Autonomous okrugs | |
| Krais | |
| Oblasts | * Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
- Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast
- Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast
- Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast
- Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast
- Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast
- Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast
- Kirov, Kirov Oblast
- Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast
- Krasnogorsk and Moscow, Moscow Oblast (de facto)
- Kursk, Kursk Oblast
- Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast
- Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast
- Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast
- Oryol, Oryol Oblast
- Penza, Penza Oblast
- Pskov, Pskov Oblast
- Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast
- Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast
- Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast (de facto)
- Samara, Samara Oblast
- Saratov, Saratov Oblast
- Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast
- Tambov, Tambov Oblast
- Tula, Tula Oblast
- Tver, Tver Oblast
- Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast
- Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast
- Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast
- Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast
- Vologda, Vologda Oblast
- Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast
- Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast
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| Federal cities | |
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Autonomous
entities |
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| Italy | |
| Portugal | |
| Spain | * Barcelona, Catalonia
- Las Palmas & Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands
- Logroño, La Rioja
- Madrid, Community of Madrid
- Mérida, Extremadura
- Murcia, Region of Murcia
- Oviedo, Asturias
- Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands
- Pamplona, Navarre
- Santander, Cantabria
- Santiago de Compostela, Galicia
- Seville, Andalusia
- Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)
- Valencia, Valencian Community
- Valladolid, Castile and León (de facto)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (de facto)
- Zaragoza, Aragon
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| Other | * Ajaccio, Corsica Collectivité (France)
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