Portugal

EU-Portugal (orthographic projection)

EU-Portugal with islands circled.svg

Anta de Arca

Reino suevo

Porto April 2019-18.jpg

Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe, bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. The capital and largest city is Lisbon.

History

The history of Portugal dates back to the early Middle Ages. The country was established in the 12th century, following the Reconquista and the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal. Portugal played a significant role during the Age of Discovery, with explorers such as Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan leading expeditions that expanded European knowledge of the world.

Early History

The region now known as Portugal has been inhabited by various civilizations, including the Celts, Romans, and Visigoths. The Roman Empire left a lasting legacy in the form of infrastructure and cultural influences.

Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Portugal emerged as a distinct entity. The County of Portugal was established in 868, and it gained independence from the Kingdom of León in 1139, becoming the Kingdom of Portugal.

Age of Discovery

In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal became a leading maritime power. The Portuguese Empire was one of the longest-lived empires in history, with colonies in Africa, Asia, and South America.

Modern Era

Portugal experienced significant political and social changes in the 20th century, including the establishment of the Portuguese Republic in 1910 and the Carnation Revolution in 1974, which led to the end of the Estado Novo regime and the establishment of a democratic government.

Geography

Portugal is located on the Iberian Peninsula, with a diverse landscape that includes mountains, plains, and a long coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. The country is divided into 18 districts on the mainland and two autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira.

Government and Politics

Portugal is a unitary semi-presidential republic. The President of the Republic is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The country has a multi-party system, with the Assembly of the Republic serving as the legislative body.

Economy

Portugal has a mixed economy, with significant contributions from the services sector, industry, and agriculture. The country is known for its production of cork, wine, and olive oil. Tourism is also a major industry, with millions of visitors attracted to its historic sites, beaches, and cultural events.

Demographics

Portugal has a population of approximately 10 million people. The official language is Portuguese, and the majority of the population is Roman Catholic. The country has a high Human Development Index (HDI) and provides universal healthcare and education.

Culture

Portuguese culture is rich and diverse, with influences from its history as a maritime nation. The country is known for its Fado music, traditional cuisine, and festivals. Portuguese literature, art, and architecture have also made significant contributions to global culture.

See Also

• Lisbon
• Portuguese Empire
• Carnation Revolution
• Vasco da Gama
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Azores
• Madeira