Switzerland

File:Swiss Psalm (official instrumental).ogg

Switzerland

Official name	Swiss Confederation
Common name	Switzerland
Motto
Anthem
Flag	[[File:|125px]]
Coat of arms	[[File:|85px]]
Capital	Bern
Largest city	Zürich
Government	Federal semi-direct democracy under a multi-party parliamentary system
Legislature

Switzerland (German: Schweiz , French: Suisse ,

, Template:Lang-rm) is a landlocked country situated at the confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is known for its mountainous terrain, with the Alps covering the southern part of the country and the Jura Mountains in the northwest.

History

Switzerland's history is marked by its unique position in Europe and its policy of neutrality. The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. Over the centuries, it expanded to include more regions. Switzerland's neutrality was recognized internationally at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and it has not been involved in any military conflict since then.

Government and Politics

Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, each with its own constitution and government. The Swiss political system is characterized by its direct democracy, where citizens have the power to propose and vote on legislation. The Federal Assembly, Switzerland's bicameral parliament, consists of the National Council and the Council of States.

Economy

Switzerland has a highly developed economy and is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. It is known for its banking sector, pharmaceuticals, and high-quality manufacturing, particularly in watches. The Swiss economy is also supported by a strong service sector, including tourism and insurance.

Culture

Switzerland is culturally diverse, with four national languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh. This linguistic diversity is reflected in the country's cultural practices and traditions. Swiss cuisine varies by region, with influences from German, French, and Italian culinary traditions.

Education and Research

Switzerland is home to some of the world's leading universities and research institutions, such as the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) and the University of Geneva. The country invests heavily in research and development, particularly in the fields of science and technology.

Geography

Switzerland's geography is dominated by the Alps, which cover about 60% of the country's area. The highest peak is Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa massif. The country also has numerous lakes, the largest of which is Lake Geneva.

Transport

Switzerland has an extensive and efficient public transportation system, including trains, buses, and trams. The Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) operates the majority of the rail network. The country is also known for its well-maintained road infrastructure and scenic mountain passes.

Also see

• History of Switzerland
• Geography of Switzerland
• Economy of Switzerland
• Culture of Switzerland
• Politics of Switzerland