Germany

EU-Germany (orthographic projection)

EU-Germany.svg

Trier 012

East Francia 843

Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Martin Luther, 1528 (Veste Coburg).jpg

Federal Republic of Germany Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit" ("Unity and Justice and Freedom")
Anthem: "Deutschlandlied"
Location of Germany (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Berlin
Official languages	German
Government	Federal republic
• President	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
• Chancellor	Olaf Scholz
Area
• Total	357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi) (63rd)
Population
• 2021 estimate	83,190,556
• Density	232/km2 (600.9/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$4.743 trillion (5th)
• Per capita	$56,956
GDP (nominal)	2021 estimate
• Total	$4.319 trillion (4th)
• Per capita	$51,860
Currency	Euro (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+49
ISO 3166 code	[[ISO 3166-2:DE |DE ]]
Internet TLD	.de

Germany (German: Deutschland ), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland ), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. Germany is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union.

History

The history of Germany is complex and spans over two millennia. The region known as Germany today was inhabited by various Germanic tribes before becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th century. The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther in 1517, had a profound impact on German society and the wider world. In the 19th century, the German Confederation was established, leading to the unification of Germany in 1871 under Otto von Bismarck. The German Empire was a major player in both World War I and World War II. After its defeat in World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany during the Cold War. The country was reunified in 1990 following the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Geography

Germany is known for its diverse landscapes, which include the Bavarian Alps in the south, the Black Forest in the southwest, and the North German Plain in the north. Major rivers include the Rhine, Danube, and Elbe.

Government and Politics

Germany is a federal republic consisting of 16 states (Länder). The political system is based on the Basic Law (Grundgesetz), which serves as the constitution. The President of Germany is the head of state, while the Chancellor of Germany is the head of government.

Economy

Germany has the largest economy in Europe and the fourth-largest in the world by nominal GDP. It is a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, including automobiles, engineering, and chemicals. Major German companies include Volkswagen Group, Siemens, and BASF.

Culture

Germany has a rich cultural heritage, with contributions to philosophy, literature, music, and science. Notable figures include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Albert Einstein. The country is also known for its traditional festivals such as Oktoberfest and its cuisine, which includes dishes like sauerkraut and bratwurst.

Education

Germany has a well-developed education system, with a strong emphasis on vocational training and higher education. The country is home to some of the world's oldest and most prestigious universities, such as the University of Heidelberg and the University of Munich.

Demographics

Germany has a population of over 83 million people. The majority of the population speaks German as their first language. The country has a diverse population, with significant communities of Turkish, Italian, and Polish descent.

See also

• List of cities in Germany
• History of Germany
• Economy of Germany
• Culture of Germany

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