Luxembourg

File:De Wilhelmus.ogg|thumb|De Wilhelmus.ogg]]|left]]

Codex aureus Epternacensis folio 24 2.jpg

Charles IV-John Ocko votive picture-fragment

Festungsplan.von.Luxemburg

Alsace-lorraine.JPG

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" ("We want to remain what we are")
Anthem: "Ons Heemecht"
Location of Luxembourg (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Luxembourg City
Official languages	Luxembourgish, French, German
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Grand Duke	Henri
• Prime Minister	Xavier Bettel
Area
• Total	2,586.4 km2 (998.6 sq mi) (167th)
Population
• 2023 estimate	634,730
• Density	246/km2 (637.1/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2023 estimate
• Total	$82.5 billion
• Per capita	$131,300
Currency	Euro (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+352
ISO 3166 code	[[ISO 3166-2:LU |LU ]]
Internet TLD	.lu

Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg, French: Luxembourg , German: Luxemburg ), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and largest city, Luxembourg City, is one of the four official capitals of the European Union (EU) and the seat of the European Court of Justice, the highest judicial authority in the EU.

History

Luxembourg has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire. The modern state of Luxembourg emerged in 963 AD when Count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications, known as "Lucilinburhuc" (little castle), around which a town gradually developed. Over the centuries, Luxembourg's strategic location made it a coveted territory, leading to numerous conflicts and changes in sovereignty. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna established Luxembourg as a grand duchy in personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Treaty of London (1867) reaffirmed Luxembourg's independence and neutrality. In the 20th century, Luxembourg was occupied by Germany during both World Wars. It became a founding member of the United Nations in 1945 and the NATO in 1949.

Geography

Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe, with an area of 2,586 square kilometers. It is divided into two main regions: the Oesling in the north, part of the Ardennes, and the Gutland ("Good Land") in the south. The country has a temperate climate, with mild winters and cool summers.

Politics

Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Grand Duke is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Chamber of Deputies is the unicameral national legislature.

Economy

Luxembourg has a highly developed economy, known for its financial sector, which includes banking, insurance, and investment funds. The country is also a significant center for steel production and information technology. Luxembourg has one of the highest GDP per capita in the world.

Demographics

Luxembourg has a population of approximately 634,730 people. The official languages are Luxembourgish, French, and German. The country is known for its multicultural society, with a significant proportion of the population being foreign nationals.

Culture

Luxembourg has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its neighbors and its history. The country is known for its castles, fortifications, and the Old Quarters and Fortifications of Luxembourg City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Luxembourgish cuisine reflects its diverse cultural influences, with dishes such as Judd mat Gaardebounen (smoked pork with broad beans) and Gromperekichelcher (potato pancakes).

Transport

Luxembourg has a well-developed transport infrastructure, including an extensive road network, railways, and the Luxembourg Findel Airport. Public transport within the country is free of charge for all users.

Education

The education system in Luxembourg is multilingual, with instruction in Luxembourgish, French, and German. The country has several higher education institutions, including the University of Luxembourg.

See also

• Luxembourg City
• European Union
• History of Luxembourg
• Geography of Luxembourg
• Economy of Luxembourg