Interleukin-27

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that belongs to the interleukin family. It is a heterodimeric cytokine that is closely related to interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and interleukin-35. IL-27 is produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and plays a crucial role in the regulation of T-cell responses and inflammation.

Structure

IL-27 is composed of two subunits: IL-27p28 and EBI3 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3). IL-27p28 is unique to IL-27, while EBI3 is shared with IL-35. The IL-27p28 subunit is structurally similar to other interleukin-6/interleukin-12 family cytokines, while EBI3 is structurally similar to the interleukin-12 β1 subunit.

Function

IL-27 is produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial products or inflammatory stimuli. It acts on T-cells and natural killer cells to stimulate their proliferation and enhance their function. IL-27 also has anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit the development of Th17 cells, which are involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Clinical significance

Due to its role in immune regulation, IL-27 has been implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. For example, elevated levels of IL-27 have been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and HIV infection. In cancer, IL-27 has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing activities.

Research

Research is ongoing to further understand the role of IL-27 in health and disease, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target. For example, studies are investigating the use of IL-27 to treat autoimmune diseases and to boost the immune response against cancer.

File:Interleukin-27.png

Structure of Interleukin-27

See also

• Interleukin
• Cytokine
• T-cell
• Inflammation