Interleukin-27

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine belonging to the interleukin family, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. It is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two subunits: EBI3 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3) and p28 (also known as IL-30). IL-27 is primarily produced by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages.

Function

IL-27 is involved in the regulation of T helper cell differentiation and has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. It can promote the differentiation of T helper 1 cells (Th1) and inhibit the development of T helper 2 cells (Th2) and T helper 17 cells (Th17). IL-27 also plays a role in inducing the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by natural killer cells and T cells.

Receptor

The receptor for IL-27 is a heterodimer composed of WSX-1 (also known as IL-27Rα) and gp130, which is a common signal-transducing component shared with other cytokines such as IL-6. Binding of IL-27 to its receptor activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, particularly STAT1 and STAT3, leading to the transcription of target genes involved in immune responses.

Clinical Significance

IL-27 has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Its dual role in modulating immune responses makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions. For instance, IL-27 has been shown to have protective effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model for multiple sclerosis, by limiting the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells.

Research

Ongoing research is exploring the potential of IL-27 as a therapeutic agent in cancer immunotherapy and its role in chronic inflammatory conditions. Studies are also investigating the mechanisms by which IL-27 influences the tumor microenvironment and its impact on tumor immunity.

See Also

• Interleukin family
• Cytokine signaling
• Immune regulation

External Links

• [Interleukin-27 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)]