Interleukin 27

Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a cytokine that belongs to the interleukin family. It is produced by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and has both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties.

Structure

IL-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine that consists of two subunits: Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and p28. The EBI3 subunit is shared with IL-35 and IL-39, while the p28 subunit is unique to IL-27.

Function

IL-27 is produced by APCs in response to microbial stimuli and inflammatory signals. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of T cell responses and inflammation. IL-27 promotes the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, which produce IFN-γ and mediate cellular immunity against intracellular pathogens.

In addition to its pro-inflammatory role, IL-27 also has anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of Th17 cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases.

Clinical significance

Due to its dual role in inflammation, IL-27 has been implicated in various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Studies have shown that IL-27 can suppress tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing anti-tumor immunity. On the other hand, elevated levels of IL-27 have been observed in patients with autoimmune diseases, suggesting a potential role in disease pathogenesis.

See also

• Interleukin
• Cytokine
• T cell
• Autoimmune disease
• Cancer