Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis

Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis (MCGN), also known as Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN), is a type of glomerulonephritis characterized by changes in the glomerulus, the filtering unit of the kidney. It is a rare condition that can affect individuals of any age, but is most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.

Etiology

The exact cause of MCGN is unknown, but it is often associated with conditions that cause the immune system to attack the body's own cells, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer. It can also occur as a result of genetic disorders that affect the body's ability to regulate the immune response.

Pathophysiology

In MCGN, the glomeruli become thickened and scarred due to the deposition of immune complexes in the mesangium and capillary walls. This leads to a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and can result in chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with MCGN may present with proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema. In severe cases, patients may develop nephrotic syndrome or nephritic syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MCGN is typically made through a combination of urinalysis, blood tests, and kidney biopsy. The biopsy will show thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells.

Treatment

Treatment for MCGN is aimed at controlling the symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. This may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for MCGN varies depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to treatment. Some patients may experience a complete recovery, while others may progress to end-stage renal disease.