Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle. This procedure is commonly referred to as coronary angioplasty.

History[edit | edit source]

The development of PTCA dates back to the late 1970s. The first successful procedure was performed by Dr. Andreas Gruentzig in 1977. Since then, PTCA has evolved significantly, with advancements in technology and technique improving its safety and efficacy.

Indications[edit | edit source]

PTCA is primarily indicated for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who have significant stenosis (narrowing) of the coronary arteries. It is often used in cases of:

  • Stable angina
  • Unstable angina
  • Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • Coronary artery stenosis following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Procedure[edit | edit source]

The procedure involves the following steps:

Preparation[edit | edit source]

The patient is usually given a local anesthetic and a mild sedative. A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery in the groin or the radial artery in the wrist.

Balloon Angioplasty[edit | edit source]

A guide wire is threaded through the catheter to the site of the blockage. A balloon-tipped catheter is then advanced over the guide wire to the narrowed segment of the artery. The balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall and widening the artery.

Stent Placement[edit | edit source]

In many cases, a stent, which is a small wire mesh tube, is placed at the site of the blockage to keep the artery open. Stents can be bare-metal or drug-eluting, the latter being coated with medication to prevent restenosis.

Risks and Complications[edit | edit source]

While PTCA is generally safe, it carries some risks, including:

  • Bleeding at the catheter insertion site
  • Blood vessel damage
  • Heart attack
  • Restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery)
  • Allergic reaction to the contrast dye

Recovery[edit | edit source]

Patients typically stay in the hospital for a day or two following the procedure. Recovery involves monitoring for complications, managing pain, and gradually resuming normal activities. Long-term management includes lifestyle changes and medications to prevent further coronary artery disease.

Outcomes[edit | edit source]

PTCA has a high success rate in relieving symptoms of coronary artery disease and improving quality of life. However, lifestyle modifications and medical therapy are crucial to prevent disease progression.

Also see[edit | edit source]


Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD