Preventive mastectomy

Preventive Mastectomy is a medical procedure that involves the surgical removal of one or both breasts in an effort to prevent or reduce the risk of breast cancer. This procedure is typically considered by individuals who have a high risk of developing breast cancer.

Indications

Preventive mastectomy is often considered by individuals who have a strong family history of breast cancer, particularly if they have inherited mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Other factors that may indicate a high risk of breast cancer and thus warrant consideration of preventive mastectomy include a history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical hyperplasia, and having undergone radiation therapy to the chest before the age of 30.

Procedure

There are two main types of preventive mastectomy: subcutaneous mastectomy and total mastectomy. In a subcutaneous mastectomy, the breast tissue is removed but the nipple is left intact. In a total mastectomy, all of the breast tissue, including the nipple, is removed.

Risks and Benefits

Like any surgical procedure, preventive mastectomy carries risks, including complications from surgery and psychological effects. However, studies have shown that preventive mastectomy can significantly reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in high-risk individuals.

Alternatives

Alternatives to preventive mastectomy include close surveillance, chemoprevention, and lifestyle changes. Surveillance involves regular mammograms and MRI scans to detect any early signs of cancer. Chemoprevention involves taking medications that reduce the risk of breast cancer. Lifestyle changes can include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and limiting alcohol consumption.

See Also

• Breast Cancer
• Mastectomy
• BRCA1
• BRCA2