Stereotactic body radiation therapy

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is a form of radiation therapy that delivers precisely-targeted radiation in fewer high-dose treatments than traditional therapy, which can help preserve healthy tissue. It is primarily used to treat small, well-defined tumors in the body, including the lungs, liver, spine, and other areas.

Overview

SBRT is a non-invasive treatment that uses advanced imaging techniques to deliver high doses of radiation to a tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. This precision is achieved through the use of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technologies.

Indications

SBRT is commonly used for:

• Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
• Metastatic cancer to the liver
• Spinal tumors
• Prostate cancer
• Pancreatic cancer

Procedure

The SBRT procedure involves several steps:

1. Simulation and Planning: Before treatment, a simulation is performed using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map the tumor's location. This data is used to create a detailed treatment plan.

2. Immobilization: Patients are positioned and immobilized to ensure accuracy during treatment. Custom molds or frames may be used.

3. Treatment Delivery: High doses of radiation are delivered to the tumor from multiple angles. The treatment is usually completed in 1 to 5 sessions.

4. Follow-up: Patients are monitored for response to treatment and any potential side effects.

Advantages

SBRT offers several advantages over conventional radiation therapy:

• Precision: The ability to target tumors with sub-millimeter accuracy.
• Fewer Sessions: Treatment is completed in fewer sessions, improving patient convenience.
• Reduced Side Effects: Less damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Risks and Side Effects

While SBRT is generally well-tolerated, potential side effects may include:

• Fatigue
• Skin irritation
• Nausea
• Damage to nearby organs, depending on the tumor location

Research and Development

Ongoing research in SBRT focuses on expanding its applications, improving targeting accuracy, and reducing side effects. Studies are also exploring its use in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Also see

• Radiation therapy
• CyberKnife
• Gamma Knife
• Proton therapy
• Brachytherapy