Axillary vein

Axillary Vein

The axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb towards the heart. It is a continuation of the basilic vein and becomes the subclavian vein when it crosses the first rib.

Anatomy

The axillary vein begins at the lower margin of the teres major muscle, where the basilic vein and the venae comitantes of the brachial artery join. It ends at the outer border of the first rib, where it becomes the subclavian vein.

Structure

The axillary vein follows the course of the axillary artery. It is located medial to the axillary artery, running in the axillary sheath along with the artery and the brachial plexus. The vein is larger in diameter than the artery and has a more variable course.

Function

The axillary vein serves as a conduit for blood from the upper limb, lateral thorax, and axilla. It carries this blood back towards the heart, where it is re-oxygenated and circulated again.

Clinical significance

Due to its location and size, the axillary vein is often used for the insertion of a central venous catheter, which can be used for various medical treatments. However, this procedure can lead to complications such as thrombosis and pneumothorax.

See also

• Vein
• Axillary artery
• Basilic vein
• Subclavian vein
• Central venous catheter