Β-MSH
β-MSH or Beta-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It is a member of the melanocortin family of peptides and plays a crucial role in the regulation of skin pigmentation and energy homeostasis.
Structure[edit | edit source]
β-MSH is a tridecapeptide, meaning it is composed of 13 amino acids. Its structure is characterized by a core-heptapeptide sequence, which is conserved across all members of the melanocortin family. This core sequence is crucial for the hormone's biological activity.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of β-MSH is to stimulate the production of melanin in melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation. This is achieved through the activation of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a G-protein coupled receptor located on the surface of melanocytes.
In addition to its role in skin pigmentation, β-MSH also plays a role in energy homeostasis. It has been shown to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure, thereby contributing to the regulation of body weight.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Alterations in the production or function of β-MSH have been implicated in a number of medical conditions. For example, mutations in the gene encoding the MC1R can result in red hair and fair skin, a phenotype associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Conversely, overproduction of β-MSH has been linked to conditions such as Addison's disease, which is characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Furthermore, because of its role in energy homeostasis, β-MSH is also being investigated for its potential use in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD