3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (also known as 3,4-DOPAC) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It is produced by the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase on dopamine, followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase converting the resulting dopamine aldehyde into 3,4-DOPAC.

Chemical Structure and Properties

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid is a phenolic acid with the chemical formula C8H8O4. It has two hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring, at positions 3 and 4, and a carboxylic acid group attached to the carbon atom at position 1. This structure gives 3,4-DOPAC its unique chemical properties, including its ability to act as a hydrogen donor in redox reactions.

Biological Role

In the human body, 3,4-DOPAC is primarily found in the brain, where it plays a crucial role in the metabolism of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in a variety of functions, including motor control, reward and punishment, and the regulation of mood. By breaking down dopamine, 3,4-DOPAC helps to regulate the levels of this neurotransmitter in the brain.

Clinical Significance

The levels of 3,4-DOPAC in the body can be used as a marker for dopamine activity. Abnormally high or low levels of 3,4-DOPAC can indicate a disruption in dopamine metabolism, which can be associated with a variety of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression.

See Also

• Dopamine
• Monoamine oxidase
• Aldehyde dehydrogenase
• Phenolic acid