Allergy desensitization

Allergy Desensitization is a medical treatment for allergies. It is also known as immunotherapy, and it involves exposing the patient to small amounts of the allergen in order to increase tolerance and reduce allergic reactions.

Overview

Allergy desensitization is a long-term treatment that decreases symptoms for many people with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, conjunctivitis (eye allergy) or stinging insect allergy. It is a form of therapy that aims to decrease sensitivity to substances called allergens.

Process

The process of allergy desensitization involves gradually increasing the doses of the allergen over a period of time. This is done under the supervision of a medical professional, usually an allergist or immunologist. The treatment can be administered in several ways, including subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), also known as allergy shots, and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), or allergy drops or tablets.

Effectiveness

Allergy desensitization is not a cure for allergies, but it can significantly reduce the severity of allergic reactions and improve quality of life for individuals with allergies. It is most effective for people with allergic rhinitis and stinging insect allergies.

Risks

While allergy desensitization is generally safe, it does carry some risks. The most common side effects are local reactions, which can include redness, swelling or irritation at the injection site for SCIT, or oral itching or stomach upset for SLIT. In rare cases, a severe systemic reaction called anaphylaxis can occur.

See Also

• Allergy
• Immunotherapy
• Allergen
• Anaphylaxis