Abdominal wall

Abdominal Wall

The abdominal wall is a vital structure in the human anatomy that encloses the abdominal cavity, which houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs. It is composed of skin, fat, muscles, and fasciae that provide structural integrity and protection to the internal organs.

Structure

The abdominal wall is made up of several layers, each with a specific function and structure. From superficial to deep, these layers are:

• Skin: The outermost layer, which serves as a protective barrier against external threats.
• Subcutaneous tissue: This layer contains fat and connective tissue that provide insulation and protection.
• Muscles and fasciae: The abdominal wall is composed of several muscles, including the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis. These muscles are enveloped by fasciae, which provide structural support and compartmentalization.

Function

The primary function of the abdominal wall is to protect the internal organs within the abdominal cavity. It also plays a crucial role in the process of respiration, as the muscles of the abdominal wall contract and relax during breathing. Additionally, these muscles are involved in movements such as bending and twisting of the torso.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities or injuries to the abdominal wall can lead to various medical conditions. For instance, a hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscles of the abdominal wall. Abdominal wall defects, such as gastroschisis and omphalocele, are congenital conditions where the baby's intestines or other organs stick outside of the body through a hole near the belly button.

See also

• Abdominal cavity
• Abdominal surgery
• Abdominal trauma