Anterior pelvic exenteration

Anterior pelvic exenteration is a surgical procedure primarily used in the treatment of advanced malignancies in the pelvic region. This procedure involves the removal of the bladder, urethra, rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon. It is a type of pelvic exenteration, which is a radical surgical treatment that aims to remove cancer in the pelvic area.

Indications

Anterior pelvic exenteration is typically indicated for advanced or recurrent cancers that have spread to the pelvic organs. This includes bladder cancer, rectal cancer, and cervical cancer. The procedure is considered when other treatment options, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, have failed or are not suitable.

Procedure

The procedure begins with a midline abdominal incision. The surgeon then proceeds to remove the bladder, urethra, rectum, and part of the sigmoid colon. In women, the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes may also be removed. The procedure may also involve the creation of a colostomy or urostomy to allow for waste elimination.

Complications

As with any major surgery, anterior pelvic exenteration carries the risk of complications. These can include infection, bleeding, thrombosis, and damage to surrounding organs. Long-term complications can include changes in sexual function and body image, as well as the need for a permanent colostomy or urostomy.

Prognosis

The prognosis following anterior pelvic exenteration depends on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and the success of the surgery. In general, the procedure can significantly improve survival rates for patients with advanced pelvic cancers.

See also

• Pelvic exenteration
• Posterior pelvic exenteration
• Cancer treatment