Epiploic appendix

Epiploic appendages or epiploic appendices are small pouches of fat-filled, serosa-covered structures attached to the outer wall of the large intestine. They are also known as appendices epiploicae.

Etymology

The term "epiploic" is derived from the Greek word "epiploon", meaning "sailing over", which refers to the way these structures hang over the intestines. The term "appendix" is Latin for "hang on", which describes the way these structures are attached to the colon.

Anatomy

Epiploic appendages are typically 0.5 to 5 cm long and are found along the entire length of the colon, with the exception of the rectum. There are usually between 50 and 100 of these structures in the human body. Each epiploic appendix is supplied by one or two small arteries and veins, which enter and exit at the base of the appendix.

Function

The exact function of the epiploic appendages is not well understood. They are thought to play a role in fat storage and possibly in immune function. However, their small size and the fact that they can be removed without causing any apparent harm suggest that they are not essential for survival.

Clinical significance

Epiploic appendages can become inflamed or twisted, leading to a condition known as epiploic appendagitis. This can cause severe abdominal pain and is often mistaken for other conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Treatment usually involves pain management and sometimes surgery to remove the affected appendage.

Related terms

• Colon
• Epiploic appendagitis
• Appendicitis
• Diverticulitis

See also

• Omentum
• Mesentery

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