Bile solubility test

Bile Solubility Test

The Bile Solubility Test is a microbiological test performed to differentiate and confirm the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a significant human pathogenic bacterium. This test is based on the ability of S. pneumoniae to be lysed or broken down when exposed to a solution of bile salts or sodium deoxycholate.

Procedure

The bile solubility test involves the addition of a bile salt solution to a pure culture of the bacterium. The test is considered positive if the turbidity of the bacterial suspension decreases, indicating the lysis of S. pneumoniae. A negative result, with no change in turbidity, suggests the bacterium is not S. pneumoniae.

Interpretation

The bile solubility test is highly specific for S. pneumoniae, as this bacterium is the only one that can be lysed by bile salts or sodium deoxycholate. However, it is not a definitive test, as some strains of S. pneumoniae may not respond to the test. Therefore, it is often used in conjunction with other tests, such as the Optochin susceptibility test, for a more accurate identification.

Clinical Significance

S. pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sinusitis. Early and accurate identification of this bacterium is crucial for appropriate treatment and patient management. The bile solubility test, along with other tests, aids in the identification and confirmation of S. pneumoniae.

See Also

• Microbiology
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Optochin susceptibility test

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