Chest cavity

Chest Cavity

The chest cavity, also known as the thoracic cavity, is a space within the human body that houses vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and parts of the esophagus. It is enclosed by the rib cage, sternum, and the vertebral column at the back.

Anatomy

The chest cavity is a complex structure that is divided into three parts: the mediastinum, and two pleural cavities. The mediastinum contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels. The pleural cavities, on the other hand, contain the lungs.

Mediastinum

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and several large blood vessels including the aorta, vena cava, and pulmonary artery.

Pleural Cavities

The pleural cavities are the spaces on either side of the mediastinum. Each cavity contains a lung. The lungs are surrounded by a thin, two-layered serous membrane called the pleura.

Function

The primary function of the chest cavity is to protect the vital organs within it. The rib cage, sternum, and vertebral column provide a hard shell that prevents injury to these organs. The chest cavity also allows for the expansion and contraction of the lungs, which is essential for respiration.

Clinical Significance

Conditions that affect the chest cavity can have serious implications for the organs within it. These conditions include pneumothorax, where air or gas accumulates in the pleural space, and pleural effusion, where excess fluid builds up in the pleural space. Both conditions can cause difficulty breathing and require immediate medical attention.

See Also

• Human anatomy
• Respiratory system
• Cardiovascular system